AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: BETWEEN VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION

Abstract

The climate change represents one of the most pressing global challenges, with profound implications for agricultural systems and food security, particularly in vulnerable regions. This article aims to analyze the multidimensional impact of climate change on agriculture and its cascading effects on food availability, access, and stability. The main objectives of the study are: (1) to identify the key climatic variables affecting agricultural productivity; (2) to assess the vulnerability of different agricultural sectors to climate-related risks; and (3) to explore the implications for national and regional food security. The research employs a qualitative approach. The study analyzes climate data (temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events) and agricultural yield statistics over the last two decades, using regression models to identify correlations and trends. In addition, relevant policy documents were reviewed to evaluate institutional responses to climate-induced food insecurity. Findings reveal a clear negative trend in crop productivity in certain regions due to increased frequency of droughts and unpredictable weather patterns. Climate change has exacerbated existing inequalities in food access, particularly among smallholder farmers. The study highlights the urgent need for integrated adaptation strategies—such as climate-resilient crops, improved irrigation systems, and early warning mechanisms—combined with supportive public policies to mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture and ensure long-term food security.