DYNAMICS OF DOMESTIC SUPPLY OF WINE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

This paper analyzes the dynamics of domestic wine supply in the European Union (EU) between 1990 and 2020, focusing on the influence of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms, climate change, and regional consumption trends. Domestic supply, defined as the volume of wine available for national consumption after accounting for imports and exports, reflects both production capacity and the internal structure of the market, influenced by trade strategies and consumer behavior. The study compares Western countries with strong viticultural traditions—Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, and Germany—with Central and Eastern European countries such as Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria, using official statistical data and quantitative methods. Results reveal a stable and efficient supply model in Western Europe, supported by modern infrastructure, effective policy frameworks, and sustainability-oriented agricultural practices. Conversely, Eastern European countries exhibit greater volatility in supply due to post-communist transitions, uneven vineyard modernization, and fluctuating domestic demand. Romania, despite its considerable viticultural potential, still shows significant variability, though recent improvements suggest positive developments driven by EU investments and modernization initiatives. The findings underscore the importance of a coherent and integrated policy approach that bridges regional disparities, aligns agricultural and trade strategies with local realities, and ensures a balanced, resilient, and sustainable domestic wine supply across the EU.