COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VITICULTURAL YIELD IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of viticultural yield in the European Union (EU) over a three-decade period (1990–2020), highlighting significant regional differences and the multiple factors influencing grape production efficiency. Yield, measured in tons per hectare (t/ha), is a key indicator of agricultural performance, reflecting both technological advancement and the sector’s ability to adapt to pedoclimatic, economic, and institutional conditions. The study contrasts yield trends in two distinct regions: Western Europe—represented by Italy, France, Spain, Germany, and Portugal—and Central and Eastern Europe—including Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Statistical data from harmonized official sources reveal a stable and upward trend in Western EU countries, where Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) instruments, infrastructure investments, and the widespread adoption of modern technologies have contributed to an efficient and sustainable viticulture model. In contrast, Eastern EU countries have shown more fluctuating developments, shaped by economic transition, fragmented farm structures, and limited access to resources. Romania, although possessing notable viticultural potential, still records yields below the EU average, despite recent improvements driven by modernization projects and EU funding. The paper emphasizes the need for continued investment and structural reform to reduce regional disparities and strengthen the overall competitiveness of European viticulture in the context of current sustainability and climate adaptation challenges.