STUDIES ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN ROMANIA

Abstract

The paper analyzes the evolution of Romanian agriculture after 1990. The aim of the study is to highlight the transformations of the agricultural sector in the context of economic transition and European integration. The methodology is based on the analysis of official statistical data provided by the INS and other national sources. Time series, intertemporal comparisons and economic interpretations are used. The results show a significant decrease in the share of agriculture in GDP, from 21.2% in 1990 to 4.1% in 2022. The agricultural area has remained relatively constant, but its structure has changed. The number of agricultural holdings has decreased, but small farms, under 2 hectares, predominate. Crop production has a majority share, while the livestock sector is in decline. Yields remain below the EU average. The workforce is aging and poorly qualified. Technical equipment is insufficient, and the use of chemical fertilizers has decreased significantly after 1990. The main conclusion is that Romanian agriculture requires modernization. Coherent policies, investments in commercial farms, technology and professional training are needed. Agriculture can become a strategic sector again if it is supported effectively and oriented towards sustainability and competitiveness.